![]() ![]() The American Academy of Pediatrics "Back to Sleep" campaign encouraged parents to place babies on their backs to sleep.Major factors contributing to the increase include the following changes in the modern infant's environment: Since the early 90s, the number of infant torticollis cases has grown dramatically. Chronic poor alignment of the head and neck.Older children and adults can develop torticollis due to: It is important to note a baby’s parents could not have changed any of the factors listed in this section and did not cause this diagnosis. Uneven facial features (face bones are not fully developed).Poor positioning can lead to pressure on one area of the skull, causing: Some mothers report their baby "felt stuck" during the final weeks of pregnancy. Lack of space in the uterus for the growing baby (more common with multiple fetuses).Research notes infants with a body length of 19.7 to 20.4 inches have an 88% increased risk of torticollis. Situations that may lead to a baby being born with torticollis include: Plagiocephaly or brachycephaly (a flattened or uneven head shape). ![]() This is a condition where the ball of the thigh bone (femur) does not fit well with the hip socket (pelvis) as it should. This can occur from trauma to the neck, shoulder, or arm during a difficult delivery that damaged the nerves controlling the shoulder, arm, and hand muscles. Other conditions that often occur along with torticollis include: *If an exam reveals a possible neurological or skeletal cause, your child's physical therapist will team up with, and refer you to, another specialist. Skeletal.* Boney malformations (abnormal bone growth or shape) in the skull or cervical spine (neck).Sandifer syndrome (a genetic condition causing uncontrolled muscle movements in which a baby twists and arches with their back and neck).A tumor in the eye or on the nerve for the eye.A tumor in the small space inside the skull near the brain stem and cerebellum (back of the brain).Neurological.* These causes are less common but can include:.This is the most common cause and includes a tight SCM or other neck muscles. Strong preference for certain positions.They typically have one of the following: Children with this type of torticollis do not have tight neck muscles and have normal neck range of motion and flexibility. However, if treatment stops too early, the child may return to their positional preference. This is the mildest and most treatable form of infant torticollis. Children with this condition have neck muscle tightness and loss of neck range of motion and flexibility, but without the neck bulge. It results in neck muscle tightness and loss of neck range of motion/flexibility. This is considered the most severe form of torticollis and may take the longest to treat. Rather, a bulge of tissue develops in the muscle due to a lack of length in the infant’s neck. With this type of torticollis, there is not an actual tumor. Group 1: sternocleidomastoid "tumor" torticollis, or SCM. Torticollis affects the entire child and is not just a head and neck issue. If untreated, this condition can lead to an uneven posture of the whole body. It also can develop later as a result of a flat skull or too much time spent in the same position (such as lying on their back or sitting in a car seat or bouncy seat). With a shortened or tight SCM, the child’s neck is bent to one side and the head is rotated to the opposite side. The SCM muscle starts behind the ear and attaches to the collarbone and breastbone. Infant torticollis happens when a neck muscle (called the sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, muscle) is shortened or too tight. To find a physical therapist in your area, visit Find a PT. You can contact a physical therapist directly for an evaluation. They improve quality of life through hands-on care, patient education, and prescribed movement. Physical therapists are movement experts who use the latest evidence to design treatment plans for each person's needs and goals. The earlier treatment begins, the more quickly and completely it can be resolved. Infant torticollis responds very well to physical therapy. Having a flat head ( plagiocephaly) and torticollis often occur together. As many as 16% of newborns (1 in 6) experience torticollis. Infant torticollis may result from the baby's position in the womb or from too much time spent lying on their back or in containers (such as car seats and swings). Some children are born with torticollis, but it most often develops after birth. Generally, the infant tips their ear toward one shoulder while the face turns toward the opposite side. Infant torticollis is due to a tight neck muscle. Torticollis - or simply, twisted neck - is a condition in which the head stays tilted to one side. ![]()
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